Galen The Man Who Shaped Medical History

 Galen was born September 22nd in the year of 130 (although it was kind of hard to be completely accurate)
Around the time of Galen Romans had conquered the Mediterranean sea, most of Europe, and most of Africa, the whole middle east and most of Asia. Most common things used for cures then were garlic and honey.
Then there was of course no thermometers then they used stethoscope for listening to hearts and lungs. Unfortunately then you could not accurately check a pulse with a sun dial sand or water clock. Galen not only was a great scientist but he was a great thinker. During the time of Galen you were not allowed to dissect humans, so mostly he knew about different kinds of animal bodies.


Galen's mothers name is unknown Galen's father's name is Nicon. he was an engineer, mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and botanist. Galen's father was different from men in there time era,  he decided he wanted to be more involved in his son's life and educated Galen.

Galen Eventually went to school and learned the basics of reading, writing and Greek, (they didn't have the number zero then so they did not do algebra) He used and abacus to do geometry. 
then went on to an amazing doctor at tone of the arenas and doctoring the gladiators that did survive and went on leading and teaching people about his discoveries.Greeks are known for there intelligence!

More references on Galen
Are:
 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223895/Galen-of-Pergamum
You should also look at theses books.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Books_of_the_Western_World

Martin Luther King JR

God is still in his universe. Our technological and scientific developments can neither banish him from from the microscopic compass of the atom nor from the vast, unfathomable ranges of interstellar space. Living in a universe in which the distances of some heavenly bodies must be dated in terms of billions of lightyears, modern man exclaims with the psalmist of old, "when I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon in the stars, which thou has ordained; what is a man, that thou art mindful of him? And the son of man, thou has visited him?" I would urge you to give priority to the search for God. Allow his spirit to permeate your being. To meet the difficulties and challenges of life you will need Him. Before the ship of your life reaches its last harbor, there will belong, drawn out storms, howling and jostling winds, and tempestuous seas that make the heart stand still. If you do not have a deep and patient faith in God, you will be powerless to face the delays, disappointments, and vicissitudes that inevitably come. Without God, all of our efforts turn to ashes and our sun rises into darkest nights. Without Him, life is a meaningless drama in which the decisive scenes are missing. But with Him we are able to rise from tension packed valleys to the sublime heights of inner peace, and find radiant stars of hope against the nocturnal bosom of life's most depressing nights. Saint Augustine was right: "Thou hast created us for thyself, and our heart cannot be quieted till it finds repose in thee."
~Martin Luther King JR~

King was born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929 and by the age of 15 was accepted to attend black More house college. King had a feeling that his calling was to serve humanity, while King was attending college he studied a lot on euro-American Philosophers and theologians. King admired the non-violent
cicl disobedience of Mahatma Ghandi. As many of you know King help lead the boycott that happened during the time of  black prejudice people.

Martin Luther King Jr is a man who changed history and shaped America the way it is today.

King insisted on a non-violent policy during the boycott.

"Keep moving in faith that we are doing is right and with even greater faith that god is with us in the struggle."~Martin Luther King Jr~

Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes is a Greek scholar from the 3rd century and was also a statesman.
He wrote the following; On The Measurement Of Earth
Geographica
(This work is lost but some reminisce were found) Arsinoe
A Fragmented collection of Hellenistic Myths and Constellations

A famous quote from Eratosthenes is;"[Eratosthenes] ... is a mathematician among geographers, and yet a geographer among mathematicians; and consequently on both sides he offers his opponents occasions for contradiction."
Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene and died in 194 BC in Alexandria

Here is a short report on when he measured the earth.

Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in the city of Cyrene which is now commonly known as Libya.

Eratosthenes was a very intelligent person; he always wanted to know the answers to things. He studied in Athens then later went to Alexandria Egypt.

While working on a geometry problem one day he was sent for from the king Ptolemy the 3^rd  

And was asked to tutor his son in literature, history, math and science. He was ecstatic to be able to tutor the king’s son. It was during Eratosthenes time when the first encyclopedia and dictionary was printed. After this time Eratosthenes had been asked to run the library in Alexandria it was then that Aristophanes invented punctuation .during this time as a librarian he read more about geography and the world, Eratosthenes had a lot of questions about the earth like: How far does the earth tilt on its axis? Does the ocean go across the whole earth? The sometimes felt discouraged about how to measure the whole earth, did that stop him? Apparently not! Eratosthenes began doing his intense research looking at scroll after scroll, Even  though he was at the wealthiest library in the world at the time ,all the scrolls had different answers , Eratosthenes said to himself that he is going to make the first COMPLETE book on geography. It took him many years to even get started on measuring the earth’s circumference; He knew the book he was writing wouldn’t be complete without it.

Eratosthenes imagined the earth as a grapefruit. (Show)

If it is sliced in half you can see the sections, in order to measure the distance all the way around the edge of the grape fruit,(The circumference) all you need to know is the distance along the edge of one section, and how much it would take to make up  the whole grapefruit.

The question is how any sections are needed? He knew that every circle whether it is a small as a grapefruit or as big as the earth, it is made up of 360 degrees. so if he could measure the inside angle of one of his imaginary grapefruit in degrees , he could divide 360 by the answer and know how many sections of that size would make a whole .

Eratosthenes pictured a section of the earth form the outer edges of Alexandria to syene (SI-EE-NEE) (A city in S Egypt)   degrees. “I Eratosthenes could figure out the distance between Alexandria to Syene”. And then measure the grapefruit section he created. He would then be able to calculate the earth’s circumference.  But the question is how he would be able to measure that angle, if it lies below the ground, at the center of the earth. Then Eratosthenes realized that the sun could help him with his angle problem. Eratosthenes heard from a caravan passing through Alexandria that on the 21^st day on June at precisely mid-day the sun would shine directly down on a certain well in Syene, lighting up the well, but not showing any shadows over the walls . But yet at the same time in Alexandria it would show shadows. Eratosthenes knew exactly why because if the earth were flat then the sun would strike the whole earth at the same time. Eratosthenes also knew he could measure the angle of the sun from the shadow. So on June 21^st there would be an exact angle that lay at the 12pm center of the earth making the inside of Alexandria – Syene a “Grapefruit” section. SoEratosthenes stood waiting outside of the library at noon of June 21^stand just as the sun falling strait   down

Also in Syene as well. He measured the angle to be about 7.2 degrees then he divided 360 into 7.2 witch equaled 50. Now he knew how to take 60 sections from Alexandria to Syene to get the circumference of the earth.

 

Now Eratosthenes had all the numbers he needed for the formula.   He calculated the circumference of the earth to be 255,000 shares or 24,662 miles.

2000 years later with modern technology they figured out that Eratosthenes was only 16% off,

This is pretty good if you think about it he was the first one to measure the earth. Eratosthenes never stopped asking questions and lived till he was 82.